Worlds Most Dangerous Airports to Land

Engineers tasked with building and airports are faced with countless challenges: The ideal location needs ample space, endless flat ground, favorable winds and great visibility. But spots in the real world are rarely ideal, and engineers are forced to work with what they have, making sure that the end product is the safest possible structure for pilots.

1. Kansai International Airport

      Osaka, Japan

Land is a scarce resource in Japan, so engineers headed roughly 3 miles offshore into Osaka Bay to build this colossal structure. Work on the manmade island started in 1987, and by 1994 jumbo jets were touching down. Travelers can get from the airport to the main island of Honshu via car, railroad or even a high-speed ferry.

Kansai's artificial island is 2.5 miles long and 1.6 miles wide—so large that it's visible from space. Earthquakes, dangerous cyclones, an unstable seabed, and sabotage attempts from protestors are just some of the variables engineers were forced to account for. As impressive as the airport is, Stewart Schreckengast, a professor of aviation technology at Purdue University and a former aviation consultant with MITRE, cautions that climate change and rising sea levels pose a very real threat to the airport's existence. "When this was built, [engineers] probably didn't account for global warming," he says. "In 50 years or so, this might be underwater."

2. Gibraltar Airport

      Gibraltar

Between Morocco and Spain sits the tiny British territory of Gibraltar. Construction of the airport dates back to World War II, and it continues to serve as a base for the United Kingdom's Royal Air Force, though commercial flights land on a daily basis.

Winston Churchill Avenue, Gibraltar's busiest road, cuts directly across the runway. Railroad-style crossing gates hold cars back every time a plane lands or departs. "There's essentially a mountain on one side of the island and a town on the other," Schreckengast says. "The runway goes from side to side on the island because it's the only flat space there, so it's the best they can do. It's a fairly safe operation as far as keeping people away," he says, "It just happens to be the best place to land, so sometimes it's a road and sometimes it's a runway."

3. Madeira International Airport

      Madeira, Portugal

Madeira is a small island far off the coast of Portugal, which makes an airport that is capable of landing commercial-size aircraft vital to its development. This airport's original runway was only about 5000 feet long, posing a huge risk to even the most experienced pilots and limiting imports and tourism.

Engineers extended the runway to more than 9000 feet by building a massive girder bridge atop about 200 pillars. The bridge, which itself is over 3000 feet long and 590 feet wide, is strong enough to handle the weight of 747s and similar jets. In 2004, the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering selected the expansion project for its Outstanding Structure Award, noting that the design and construction was both "sensitive to environmental and aesthetic considerations."

4. Don Mueang International Airport

      Bangkok, Thailand

From a distance Don Mueang International looks like any other midsize airport. However, smack-dab in the middle of the two runways is an 18-hole golf course.

Schreckengast, who has worked on consulting projects at this airport, says one of the major problems is that the only taxiways were located at the end of the runways. "We recommended that they build an additional taxiway in the middle, from side to side, and they said ‘absolutely not, that will take out a green and one fairway.'" The airport and the course were originally an all-military operation, but have since opened up to commercial traffic. Security threats, however, have limited the public's access to the greens.

5. Ice Runway

      Antarctica

The Ice Runway is one of three major airstrips used to haul supplies and researchers to Antarctica's McMurdo Station. As its name implies, there are no paved runways here—just long stretches of ice and snow that are meticulously groomed.

There is no shortage of space on the Ice Runway, so super-size aircraft like the C-130 Hercules and the C-17 Globemaster III can land with relative ease. The real challenge is making sure that the weight of the aircraft and cargo doesn't bust the ice or get the plane stuck in soft snow. As the ice of the runway begins to break up, planes are redirected to Pegasus Field or Williams Field, the two other airstrips servicing the continent.

6. Congonhas Airport

      Sao Paulo, Brazil

Most major cities have an airport, but rarely are they built just 5 miles from the city center, especially in metropolises like Sao Paulo. Congonhas' close proximity to downtown can be attributed in part to the fact that it was completed in 1936, with the city experiencing rapid development in the following decades.

While having an airport only 5 miles from the city center may be a convenience for commuters, it places a strain on both pilots and air traffic control crews. "It becomes a challenge in terms of safety to just get the plane in there," Schreckengast says. "Then you throw on noise restrictions and these terribly awkward arrival and departure routes that are needed to minimize your noise-print and it becomes quite challenging for pilots." Fortunately, Sao Paulo's many high-rise buildings are far enough away from the airport that they aren't an immediate obstacle for pilots landing or taking off.

7. Courchevel International Airport

     Courchevel, France

Getting to the iconic ski resort of Courchevel requires navigating the formidable French Alps before making a hair-raising landing at Courchevel International Airport. The runway is about 1700 feet long, but the real surprise is the large hill toward the middle of the strip.

"You take off downhill and you land going uphill," Schreckengast says. He adds that the hill, which has an 18.5 percent grade, is so steep that small planes could probably gain enough momentum rolling down it with no engines to safely glide off the edge. Landing at Courchevel is obviously no easy task, so pilots are required to obtain certification before attempting to conquer the dangerous runway.

8. Princess Juliana International Airport

      Simpson Bay, Saint Maarten

Nothing says fun in the sun like roaring engines and the smell of jet exhaust. Landing on this Caribbean island forces pilots to fly over a small strip of beach, clear a decent-size fence and pass over a road just before hitting the runway.

Not many airports are flanked by oceanfront property filled with tourists standing under incoming aircraft. While the tourists are not really in harm's way—with the exception of their hearing—Schreckengast says that trucks driving on the small road between the beach and the runway could be at risk. "The challenge is to make sure there's not a big semi truck coming through when the plane is landing. It becomes a vertical obstacle, and, if the truck is light, the jet blast could blow it over.

9. Svalbard Airport

      Svalbard, Norway

Svalbard is a cluster of Norwegian islands sitting in the Arctic Ocean. While there are three airports within the archipelago, two of which are used mainly to transport miners, Svalbard Airport is open to commercial travel, making it the world's northernmost airport that tourists can book tickets to.

Engineers used the region's brutally cold climate to their favor during construction and built the runway on a layer of permafrost. The airport was completed in 1975, but slight seasonal changes caused sections of the runway to become uneven, forcing the need to repave the runway on several occasions. A project was launched in 1989 aimed at insulating troublesome sections of the runway from the ground, which proved relatively successful. However, a 2002 study indicates that rising temperatures in the area may increase the need and frequency of maintenance efforts and repaving.

10. Juancho E. Yrausquin Airport

        Saba, Netherlands Antilles

Getting to this paradise-like island can be a bit distressing thanks to a 1300-foot-long runway, slightly longer than most aircraft carrier runways.

Large planes aren't landing here, but the small runway is difficult even for Cessnas and similar aircraft. "The little X means don't land there," says Schreckengast, a former Navy pilot who is no stranger to landing on less than lengthy runways. "It's challenging, but if you don't have something like that, the people here don't get things they routinely need, like mail." Given the limited amount of land and rolling topography of the island, not many other options exist.

11. Gustaf III Airport

         (St. Bart), Caribbean island  

Gustaf III Airport also known as Saint Barthélemy Airport is a public use airport located in the village of St. Jean on the Caribbean island of Saint Barthélemy. Both the airport and the island's main town of Gustavia are named for King Gustav III of Sweden, under whom Sweden obtained the island from France in 1785 (it was sold back to France in 1878). The airport is served by small regional commercial aircraft and charters.

 Most visiting aircraft carry fewer than twenty passengers, such as the Twin Otter, a common sight around Saint Barth and throughout the northern West Indies. The short airstrip is at the base of a gentle slope ending directly on the beach. The arrival descent is extremely steep over the hilltop traffic circle and departing planes fly right over the heads of sunbathers (although small signs advise sunbathers not to lie directly at the end of the runway).

12. Lukla Airport

         Nepal

A huge mountain on one end, a thousand meter drop on the other, and it's at 2900 meters elevation, so you don't exactly have full power.

Lukla Airport is a small airport in the Town of Lukla in eastern Nepal. In January 2008, the government of Nepal announced that the airport would be renamed in honor of Sir Edmund Hillary[1], the first person to reach the summit of Mount Everest, who passed away on January 11, 2008. The airport is quite popular as Lukla is the place where most people start their trek to climb Mount Everest.

13. Barra International Airport

         (Barra), Scotland

Barra Airport is the only airport in the world where planes land on the beach. BRR is situated in on the wide beach of Traigh Mhor on Barra island, Outer Hebrides, Scotland. If you want to fly here commercially you will want to book with British Airways, which flies to Barra from Glasgow and Benbecula.

The airport is literally washed away by the tide once a day, and if you arrive on a late afternoon flight, you may notice a couple of cars in the parking lot with their lights on, which provides pilots some added visibility, since the airport is naturally lit. Needless to say you probably don't want to hang out at Barra Airport beach, unless you are a aviation junkie, in which case Barra Airport has a fool proof system, as sign that reads: "Keep off the beach. When the windsock is flying and the airport is active."

A survey of airports around the world turns up a mixed bag, ranging from dangerous and rugged landing strips to mega-size facilities that operate like small cities. Here, PM explores the world’s most remarkable airports and way they stand out.

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CUTE KILLER!

World Most Poisonous Flowers

Flowers are very pretty sight to behold with marvelous colorful and enchanting fragrance. Many flowers have bewitching beauty but behind those magnificence and innocence charm lays a secret that need to be retold. Anyone who adores flower could just touch or even snap them out without knowing they have poisons.

Aconitum

Also known as aconite, Monkhood, Wolsbane, Leopard’s bane, Women’s bane, Devil’s helmet or Blue rocket contains Nepalese poison with high content of alkaloid. The Minaro , Chinese as well as Japanese Ainu tribes used poison arrow both for hunting and for warfare. The purified aconite caused paralyses of he numbs, nerves resulted in an aesthetic effect in the skin. The plants taken internally may result in slow pulse, heart palpitations, blood pressure falls as the heart may beat much faster than normally with extreme irregularity.

Milkweeds

Also known as Asclepiads produces contain toxic such as alkaloids, latex, and cardenolides which is toxic to animals. South America and Africa natives used arrows poison with glycosides to fight and hunt more effectively. The milky sap when ingested by animals may cause death, mild dermatitis. Milkweed sap is also externally as a natural remedy for poison ivy.

Atropa belladonna or deadly nightshade

Ingestion of berries both by adult and children may causes delirium and hallucinations. Ingestion of 10 to 20 berries and a single leaf of the plant can be fatal. Symptoms of poisoning includes dilated pupils, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, slow or fast pulse, loss of balance, staggering, headache, rash, flushing, dry mouth, slurred speech, urinary retention, constipation, confusion, as well as convulsions.

Bloodroot

 Also known as Sanguinaria Canadensis, Bloodwort, Red puccoon root, Pauson and Tetterwort in America and Greater Celandine in Britain. The plant contains toxic substances such as morphine like benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and the toxin sanguinary which destroy cells resulting in scabs in skin exposed to the plant substances.

Scotch Broom/Cytisus scoparius

Commonly known as English Broom in Britain, Ireland is a Perennial, Leguminous shrub native to western and central Europe. The toxic substance of Cytisus scoparius contains alkaloids and that depress the heart and nervous system.

Datura

It is also known as Witches’ weeds. Most parts of the plants contain toxic hallucinogens which could causes delirium and death.

Delphinium or Larkspur

All parts of the plant contain alkaloid delphinine toxins causes vomiting and death both in humans and animals. It has cardiotoxic and neuromuscular blocking effects. It is eaten by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Dot Moth and Small Angle Shades.

Duranta erecta

Considered as ornamental invasive species of plants from Australia, China, South Africa and on several Pacific Islands. It is also known as Golden Dewdrop, Pigeon Berry, Skyflower and Aussie Gold. The leaves, barks and berries could cause death to children including dogs and cats. However, songbirds eat the fruit without ill effects.

Digitalis

Also known as Foxgloves, Dead Man’s Bells, and Witches’ Gloves contain deadly toxic of cardiac and steroidal glycosides. The entire plant including the roots, leaves and seed are toxic particularly the upper stem when nibble being cause death both in humans and animals. Early symptoms of ingestion includes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, convulsions, wild hallucinations, delirium and severe headache. In severe cases it may causes bradycardia and tachycardia, tremors, various cerebral disturbances, visual disturbances.

Grevillea

It is also known as Spider Flower, Silky-oak and Toothbrush. Drinking nectar direct from the flower is best avoided as some commonly cultivated Grevillea species produce flowers containing toxic cyanide.

Henbane

Also known as Stinking nightshade or Black henbane has psychoactive properties causing visual hallucinations, dilated pupils, restlessness, flushed skin, vomiting, slow and fast pulse, hyperpyrexia and ataxia. Henbane could be toxic and fatal both to humans and animals in low doses.

Lily of the valley or Convallaria majalis

It is also known as The lily of the valley and Mary’s. All parts including the berries are highly poisonous containing 38 different cardiac glycosides.

Brugmansia

Also known as Angel’s Trumpet contain dangerous levels of poison and may be fatal if ingested both by humans, animals, including livestock and pets. Contact with the eyes can cause pupil dilatation known as mydriasis resulting in unequal pupil size.

Euphorbia lathyris

It is also known as Caper Spurge, Paper Spurge, Gopher Spurge, Gopher Plant or Mole Plan. All parts of the plant including the seeds and roots are poisonous. The latex from plants causes skin irritation while Livestock including goats are immune to the toxin. The toxin can be passed through the goat’s milk.

Nerium oleander

Also known as Oleander contains deadly toxic compounds of oleandrin and neriine toxins found in the sap. Ingestion of the plants substances in children and adults including animals such as a handful or 10-20 leaves consumed in adult cause an adverse reaction and a single leaf could be lethal to an infant or child. Symptoms include severe digestive upset, heart trouble, contact dermatitis and in severe cases death.

Opium

Also known as Poppy tears, Lachryma papaveris contains toxic substances known as morphine and opiate alkaloid. The latex from plants caused respiratory difficulties, coma, cardiac or respiratory collapse with a normal lethal dose of 120 to 250 mg found in approximately two grams of opium. Regular use can lead to drug tolerance or physical dependence.

Conium

Also known as Water Hemlock or Poison Hemlock could cause respiratory collapse and death by blocking the neuromuscular junction resulting in muscular paralysis of the respiratory muscles due to lack of oxygen to the heart .Ingestion of more than 100 mg of 6 to 8 fresh leaves or a smaller dose of the seeds or root may be fatal. The philosopher Socrates after being condemned to death for impiety in 399 BC was given a potent infusion of the hemlock plant.

Pokeweeds

Also known as Poke, Pokebush, Pokeberry, Pokeroot, Polk salad, Polk salat, Polk sallet, Inkberry contains poisonous substances such as phytolaccatoxin and phytolaccigenin may caused itching, vomiting, dyspnea, perspiration, spasms, severe purging, prostration, tremors, watery diarrhea and convulsions. In severe cases causes weakness, excessive yawning, slowed breathing, fast heartbeat, dizziness, seizures, coma and death.

Rhododendron

It’s contains toxic substances such as grayanotoxin in their pollen and the nectar from honey made by bees feeding on rhododendron and azalea flowers cause illnesses to humans as well as animals dying within few hours after ingestion. The symptoms cause hallucinogenic and laxative effect.

Yellow Jasmine or Gelsemium sempervirens

All parts of this plant contain toxic strychnine related to alkaloids gelsemine and gelseminine. Substances found in the sap may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Children mistaking this flower for honeysuckle have been poisoned by sucking the nectar from the flower. The nectar is also toxic to honeybees.

Wikimedia

You may be surprised to find out the incredibly lethal flower often hanging around the Neighborhood Park, garden, village or gracing your tabletop. It’s real time to know about them.

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Most Dangerous Animals in the Sea

Here is mentioned that known of most dangerous animals in the sea. As we know that seas is an interesting place while it’s also a dangerous places as well as there’s a lot of dangerous animals that live in the seas.

Box Jellyfish

This animal that shaped like jelly is very dangerous. In each tentacles of the box jellyfish species in Australia there is enough poison to kill 60 people. Not only that, this is deadly poison work in terrible speed. Just three minutes and a human life would be flying. In addition to these species, there are also species of box jellyfish from Portugal that said to the sting is felt like a bolt of lightning.

Tiger Shark

This shark can eat everything. No matter it’s a fish, seals, birds, squid, small sharks, dolphins, and even car tires would be devoured by this sharp toothed fish. According to experts, a lot of sharks live in tropical areas. It can grow five feet long and weighs about one ton. 

Stone Fish

There are two reasons why this fish listed as dangerous animals. First, this is the world’s most toxic fish. Second, this shaped stone fish is very good at camouflage. Although it’s a passive fish that rarely attacked, don’t ever step your foot on it. The Toxin from this fish can cause temporary paralysis and death if not cured soon.

Puffer Fish

Deadly poison called Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is contained in this fat bodied fish. Toxins are more powerful than cyanide resulted in difficulty in breathing on a person before leading to death. The bizarre part is a number of professional chefs in Japan separate the meat of the fish from the poison so it can be consumed as a delicious meal.

Sea Snake

Basic human fear of snakes put this species on the list of dangerous sea animals. But in reality, this sea snakes life is hidden in the sea and not too threatening human life. However, these snakes venom is still a frightening poison. In one bite, this snake venom is able to paralyze prey and kill it in seconds.

Lion Fish

Being favorite fish for aquarium, this fish is famous for its poisonous prickly thorns. Although it’s not very lethal in humans, the poison can cause headaches, vomiting, and respiratory problems. According to some reports, these symptoms lasted for several weeks.

Saltwater Crocodile

Saltwater crocodile has a reputation as one of the most ferocious predators in the world. This animal can grow to more than six meters and weighs 1500 kilograms. It has a variety of prey, including monkeys, kangaroos, buffalo, shark, and even humans. With the use of great power, salt water crocodile bite twisting in the water to paralyze its prey and then eat it.

Stingray Fish

This animal is become the world attention since the tragic death of a biologist and host of “Crocodile Hunter” Steve Irwin in 2006. Stingray’s tails that shaped like a spear and contain many toxins have been stabbed Steve and make heart failure.

Sea Lion

Sea lions can be classified as cute animal, easily trained, and many became stars in a zoo. However, this animal often attacks humans as well. In California, United States, few cases of sea lion attacks were reported in Manhattan Beach, Newport, and San Francisco in 2006. Some local scientists said that sea lion behavior unpredictable and can suddenly become aggressive.

 Sea Eel

Strong bite of sea eel’s sharp teeth can cause serious injury prone to bacterial infections of the mouth of these primitive animals. Eels are often hiding in crevices and holes in the reef during the day and hunting for food at night. Marine experts advise divers to keep the hands from the crack or hole to avoid the attack. One more thing, do not ever feed these animals or you will be attacked by the herd.

Conus

The mouth of cones is extended in a trunk that is seen out of the mouth and is capable to reach almost to any point of a bowl, therefore it is not recommended to suffice the mollusk barehanded Attacking extraction, it wounds with its poisonous tooth separating from a grater which have been let out from the trunk.  This “harpoon” punches a skin of the person, and sometimes is capable to make a hole even in dense clothes. Poison leaves the small extraction motionless and then is swallowed by a snail in the stretched stomach of the fish. The cone sting can cause pain and swelling, especially in salty water, as well as it may cause the victim not to feel the wounded place. It turns pale and is surrounded with a bluish border. In 10 minutes the whole body can become paralyzed, and after half an hour it may even turn into a paralysis. The paralysis of respiratory muscles is dangerous as it can lead to the loss of consciousness and death. Sometimes warm heart insufficiency may appear, but in most cases this condition is a consequence of the complicated breath.

Acanthaster planci

The Acanthaster planci is a poisonous starfish. At a careless touch of the person to the thorns covering its numerous beams, it injects poison into the wound. Sometimes, having broken off, thorns can get stuck in the body of the skin-diver. At once there is a severe pain not ceasing for some hours. The considerable bleeding and an inflammation of the wounded place are also possible. During the first hours the lymph nodes close to it usually swell up and become painful to touch. The pain, a hypostasis and the general feeling of sick can remain for months, especially if there are fragments of thorns in the body. In the process of easing of symptoms the itch sometimes amplifies.

Please remember these most dangerous animals in the sea. You should be careful with them when traveling to the sea for diving, or just get relaxed in the shallow water in the beach.

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Dangerous Animals in Africa

African forest, a largest place of dangerous animal in the World. Here are pointed some of deadly animals but actual may very.

Elephant

Location: Africa and India
Size: 7,500 - 26,000 lbs
Speed: 25 mph
Food Source: Grass, leaves, fruits, flowers, bark, roots, and bamboo.
Defense Tactics: The best defense against an elephant is to stay calm. If that doesn't work, hide or barricade yourself from him. They are too big and too wild to try any viable defense move against one.
Fatalities: 500+ per year

Hippopotamus

Location: South & Central Africa
Size: 3,000 - 4,000 lbs
Speed: 30 mph (land) 5 mph (water)
Food Source: Grass, plants, and sometimes carrion
Defense Tactics: Hipppos are very big and one of the most aggressive animals in the world. Do your best to stay far away from them and never join them in a swim. If you do run into an unpleasant encounter with them, your best bet is to climb a tree.
Fatalities: 300+ per year

Lion

Location: Southern Africa
Size: 400-600 lbs
Speed: 50 mph
Food Source: Deer, Gazelles, wildebeest, impalas, zebras, warthogs, and buffalo
Defense Tactics: Since people are slower, weaker, less agile, and smaller, it makes things difficult to defend yourself against a lion. If you do encounter one, hopefully you have a gun with you to scare it off, or a big knife you can use to stick in it should it decide to pounce on you. Other than that, hopefully you have some spare meat you can feed him, because he won't be leaving you on an empty stomach.
Fatalities: 200+ per year

Black Mamba

Location: Africa
Size: 8-14 feet long
Speed: 15 mph (fastest land snake in the world)
Food Source: Small birds and rodents
Defense Tactics: Keep your distance and carry a long stick or pole. Make sure the stick is kept in front if the snake's face, so if it does decide to strike, it will most likely attack it instead of you. If bitten, you have less than an hour before the snake's venom paralyzes you, and only a few more hours until you die. Make sure you have the antivenom if you are to be wandering in places known to be slithering with the ever-so-quick Black Mamba.
Fatalities: 5-10 per year

Black Rhino

Location: Southern Africa
Size: 1,500 - 3,000 lbs
Speed: 30 mph
Food Source: Plants, bushes, branches, and fruit
Defense Tactics: Don't make it mad, whatever you do. Rhinos have been known to charge things that make them feel threatened, similar to that of a bull. If one does need up charging you, try and climb a thick tree, jump into a pool of water, or run in zigzags since they have a more difficult time maneuvering.
Fatalities: 0-5 per year

Gorilla

Location: Central & Western Africa
Size: 5-6 feet tall, 300 - 600 lbs
Speed: 25 mph
Food Source: Fruits, leaves, herbs, and roots
Defense Tactics: Gorillas are bigger, faster, stronger, and more agile than humans, so trying to escape from an enraged gorilla can be quite difficult. Your best chance for defending yourself against a gorilla is to jump in a pool of water or to fire a gun, which (hopefully) will be loud enough to scare it away.
Fatalities: 0-5 per year

Cheetah

Location: Africa and Southwest Asia
Size: 90-140 lbs
Speed: 65-70 mph
Food Source: Gazelles, impalas, wildebeest, and zebras
Defense Tactics: Since most cheetahs fear humans, you should be able to frighten them off with a loud noise, or by throwing objects at them. However, that doesn't mean they wouldn't ever attack a human. They aren't too big of a cat and if one of them actually does decide to nibble on you, fight back and aim for his nose and eyes.
Fatalities: 0-5 per year

Spotted Hyena

Location: Central & Southern Africa
Size: 100-150 lbs
Speed: 35 mph
Food Source: Gazeles, buffalo, wildebeest, zebras, and smaller animals.
Defense Tactics: Since they are smaller animals you shouldn't have to worry about one attacking you, unless he has his buddies with him. If so, try throwing objects at them to scare them off, or if necessary, climb the nearest tree. A gunshot should easily scare them off as well.
Fatalities: 0-3 per year

Nile crocodiles

There are fairly reliable records of Nile crocodiles over 5.5m (18ft), but these too are very rare.

Most of venom Insect, Snake, Scorpion, and Spider is leaving in that forest which are so deadly dangerous.

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